Sustainable Recovery, Recycle of Critical Metals and Rare Earth Elements from Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (Circuits, Solar, Wind) and Their Reusability in Additive Manufacturing Applications: A Review

The demand for high-efficiency, low-energy consumption materials, with high durability and stability, has led to the rapid increase of prices Rare Earth Elements (REE). REE monopoly some countries held shift humanity towards sustainability renewable energy sources back. isolation, recovery, recycle from waste electric electronic equipment (WEEE) constitute disengagement strategy can lead significant economic benefits, via sustainability. introduction critical raw materials (RM), derived WEEE, as additives filaments used synthesis composite employed by Additive Manufacturing (AM) applications, tremendous potential performance commercialization final products adding unique characteristics, such antibacterial properties, enhanced mechanical magnetic thermal electrical conductivity. low cost recycled RM, small numbers process stages, inception a zero-waste paradigm, present its upscalability, realistic view industrial employment. Although there are many articles in literature that have reviewed WEEE recycle, comprehensive review on conditions, parameters, procedure flow charts, novel properties regards every RM is missing.